History of ICEE
Drs. David Shepherdson and Jill Mellen established the International Conference on Environmental Enrichment (ICEE) in 1993. To date conferences have been hosted by:
1st ICEE: Oregon Zoo, Portland, Oregon, United States of America (1993)
2nd ICEE: Copenhagen Zoo, Copenhagen, Denmark (1995)
3rd ICEE: SeaWorld of Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States of America (1997)
4th ICEE: Edinburgh Zoo, Edinburgh, Scotland (1999)
5th ICEE: Taronga Zoo, Sydney, Australia (2001)
6th ICEE: Johannesburg Zoo, Johannesburg, South Africa (2003)
7th ICEE: Wildlife Conservation Society, New York, New York, United States of America (2005)
8th ICEE: Vienna Zoo, Vienna, Austria (2007)
9th ICEE: Paignton Zoo, Torquay, United Kingdom (2009)
10th ICEE: Oregon National Primate Research Center and Oregon Zoo, Portland, Oregon, United States of America (2011)
11th ICEE: National Zoological Gardens, Pretoria, South Africa (2013)
12th ICEE: Beijing Normal University and Beijing Zoo, Beijing, China (2015)
13th ICEE: Parque Jaime Duque, Bogota, Colombia (2017)
14th ICEE: Kyoto University and Kyoto City Zoo, Kyoto, Japan (2019)